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× #1 The Constitution: Foundation of Modern Governance #2 fundamental rights #3 preamble #4 union territory #5 prime minister #6 Cabinet Ministers of India #7 Panchayati Raj System in India #8 44th Constitutional Amendment Act... #9 UNION TERRITORY #10 CITIZENSHIP #11 Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) #12 Fundamental Duties #13 Union Executive #14 Federalism #15 Emergency Provisions #16 Parliament of India #17 Union Budget – Government Budgeting #18 State Executive. #19 State Legislature. #20 Indian Judiciary – Structure, Powers, and Independence #21 Tribunals #22 Local Government in India #23 Election #24 Constitutional Bodies #25 Statutory, Quasi-Judicial, and Non-Constitutional Bodies – The Backbone of Indian Governance #26 Regulatory Bodies in India #27 Pressure Group #28 Importance Supreme Court Judgements in India #29 Recent Bills Passed in Parliament #30 One Nation One Election proposal #31 Women’s Reservation Act 2023 #32 Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 #33 Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (IPC overhaul) #34 Electoral Bonds verdict 2024 #35 Same-Sex Marriage SC ruling 2023 #36 Uniform Civil Code (Uttarakhand) 2024 #37 GST Council vs States (Mohit Minerals 2022) #38 Internal Reservation for SC Sub-castes #39 Karnataka OBC Muslim quota litigation #40 Economic Weaker Sections (EWS) Review #41 Parliamentary Ethics Committee controversies 2024 #42 Speaker’s disqualification powers (10th Schedule) #43 Delimitation after 2026 freeze #44 Appointment of Election Commissioners Act 2023 #45 Judicial Accountability & Collegium transparency #46 Lokayukta & Lokpal performance audit #47 NJAC revival debate #48 Governor–State friction (TN, Kerala) #49 Tribal autonomy & Sixth Schedule expansion #50 Panchayat digital governance reforms #51 Urban Local Body finance post-15th FC #52 Police reforms and Model Police Act #53 Judicial infrastructure mission #54 National Education Policy (federal challenges) #55 Health federalism post-COVID #56 Gig-worker social security #57 Climate governance & Just Transition #58 India–Maldives tensions 2024 #59 India–Sri Lanka economic integration #60 India–Bhutan energy cooperation #61 India–Nepal border settlements #62 India–China LAC disengagement #63 India–US tech initiative (iCET) #64 Quad-Plus and Indo-Pacific law #65 BRICS expansion 2024 #66 UNSC reform negotiations #67 Global South after India’s G20 presidency #68 Israel–Hamas war & India #69 Afghanistan engagement #70 ASEAN–India trade upgrade #71 EU Carbon Border Mechanism #72 Arctic Policy & Svalbard Treaty #73 International Solar Alliance expansion #74 World Bank Evolution Roadmap #75 AI governance & global norms #76 Cybersecurity strategy 2024 #77 Deepfake regulation #78 Press freedom & defamation #79 RTI Act dilution concerns #80 Mission Karmayogi (Civil services reforms) #81 Citizen charters & Sevottam 2.0 #82 NITI Aayog SDG Localisation dashboards #83 NGT caseload & effectiveness #84 Judicial review of environmental clearances #85 Disaster Management Act post-cyclones #86 NCRB data transparency #87 Prison reforms & overcrowding #88 E-Courts Phase-III #89 Transgender Persons Act #90 Rights of Persons with Disabilities audit #91 Juvenile Justice Model Rules 2023 #92 Nutrition governance—Poshan Tracker #93 Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) export #94 FRBM review #95 Cooperative federalism—PM GatiShakti #96 Concurrent List disputes #97 Inter-State Council revival #98 River water disputes #99 Tribal rights vs forest conservation #100 Minority welfare schemes review #101 NGO roles & FCRA #102 Electoral roll & Aadhaar linkage #103 Model Code of Conduct digital enforcement #104 Parliamentary Committees backlog #105 State Legislative Council creation #106 Coastal zone governance (CRZ-II) #107 National Language Commission idea #108 Digital Commons & Open Source policy #109 Court-mandated mediation law #110 India’s refugee policy #111 Smart Cities Mission audit #112 Swachh Bharat Phase-II #113 One Health approach #114 National Research Foundation Bill #115 Internet shutdowns & proportionality #116 Caste census demand #117 Crypto-assets regulation draft #118 Public Sector Bank governance reforms #119 New Logistics Policy & ULIP #120 Labour Codes implementation #121 NaMo Drone Didi scheme #122 PM-JANMAN tribal mission #123 Vibrant Village Programme #124 Cyber-bullying legal framework #125 Plea bargaining expansion #126 UNHRC votes & India’s HR stance #127 Green Hydrogen Mission governance #128 Right to Digital Access (Fundamental Right) #129 Broadcasting Services Regulation Bill 2024 #130 National Commission for Minorities restructuring #131 Cooperative Federalism vs State Autonomy tensions #132 Governor’s Discretionary Powers—SC guidelines #133 Cybersecurity governance updates #134 Parliamentary Committee system reforms #135 AI governance framework #136 Inter-State Council effectiveness #137 Digital Public Infrastructure governance #138 Constitutional amendment procedure debates #139 Delimitation Commission & population freeze #140 Emergency provisions misuse concerns #141 Social media regulation & liability

indian polity

Introduction

In the Indian democratic system, while the President is the nominal head of state, the real executive power lies with the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister plays a central role in shaping national policies, making key decisions, and guiding the functioning of the government. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President but must have the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha (House of the People).

Role and Powers of the Prime Minister

1. Executive Powers

  • Heads the Council of Ministers and allocates portfolios to different ministers.

  • Acts as the link between the President and the Cabinet.

  • Advises the President on the appointment of important officials like Governors, Judges of the Supreme Court, and Election Commissioners.

2. Legislative Powers

  • Plays a major role in formulating the legislative agenda.

  • Can advise the President to summon or dissolve the Lok Sabha.

  • Addresses Parliament and answers questions regarding government policies.

3. Administrative Powers

  • Supervises and coordinates the functioning of various ministries.

  • Has the authority to reshuffle or dismiss ministers.

  • Ensures smooth functioning of the administration through the Cabinet Secretariat.

4. Foreign Policy and Defense

  • Represents India in international matters.

  • Participates in global summits, bilateral meetings, and signs international treaties.

  • Plays a vital role in decisions related to national security and defense.

Eligibility Criteria to Become Prime Minister

  • Must be a citizen of India.

  • Must be a member of either House of Parliament, preferably the Lok Sabha.

  • Must be above 25 years of age (for Lok Sabha membership).

  • Should command the majority support in the Lok Sabha.

Appointment and Tenure

  • The President appoints the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Lok Sabha as Prime Minister.

  • The tenure is 5 years, but the Prime Minister can stay in office as long as they enjoy majority support in the Lok Sabha.

  • There is no fixed term limit, so a Prime Minister can serve multiple terms.

Significance of the Prime Minister

  • Serves as the chief spokesperson of the government.

  • Guides policy-making at the highest level.

  • Ensures political stability through leadership and party management.

  • Acts as a unifying force between different ministries and departments.

Famous Prime Ministers of India

  • Jawaharlal Nehru – First Prime Minister; architect of modern India.

  • Indira Gandhi – First woman Prime Minister; known for her bold leadership.

  • Atal Bihari Vajpayee – Known for his oratory skills and economic reforms.

  • Narendra Modi – Serving since 2014; known for digital governance and foreign policy reforms.

Conclusion

The Prime Minister of India is the cornerstone of the nation's governance and development. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister not only runs the daily affairs of the government but also steers the country’s long-term direction in terms of economy, defense, social welfare, and international relations. The power and responsibility vested in the Prime Minister make the role both challenging and immensely impactful in shaping the destiny of over a billion citizens.